Automotive engine oil is the result of a complex mix and certain compromises.Base oils (70–85%)Mineral oils: Historical workhorse made through distillation and hydroprocessing. Modern mineral oils are often chemically modified.Poly-α-olefins: Synthetic base stocks that offer a good balance of viscosity properties and volatility, as well as greater thermal and oxidative stability over mineral oils.Esters: Used in small amounts to make additives more soluble.Fluidity modifiers (5–20%)Viscosity modifiers: Polymers that stabilize the viscosity of oil as the temperature changes. They coil at low temperatures, increasing flow, and uncoil at higher temperatures, decreasing flow.Pour-point depressants: Molecules that prevent wax formation at low temperatures.Performance additives (8–15%)Antioxidants: Often aminic and phenolic compounds that prevent base-oil oxidation, the primary cause of oil degradation.Anti-wear additives: Compounds, commonly zinc dithiophosphate, that adhere to metal surfaces to create a protective coating. They also help prevent oxidation.Corrosion inhibitors: Often calcium and barium sulfonate. These minimize corrosion on metal surfaces.Detergents: Surfactants that promote overall cleanliness. They also neutralize acids that form as base oils oxidize.Dispersants: Additives that keep the by-products of oil oxidation soluble, preventing sludge, deposits, and viscosity increase.Friction modifiers: Molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails. The heads, typically of organic or molybdenum-based chemistry, adhere to the metal surface; the tails provide a slippery surface for the oil.MANNOL is a German Manufacturer of Euro Spec Synthetic and Synthetic Blend Oils. MANNOL products meet/exceed OEM requirements and is endorsed by the world's largest car makers VW, BMW, MB amongst others.
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Sources: K & E Petroleum Consulting, industry interviews and documents.<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-2583627563363777"crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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