Automotive engine oil is the result of a complex mix and certain compromises.Base oils (70–85%)Mineral oils: Historical workhorse made through distillation and hydroprocessing. Modern mineral oils are often chemically modified.Poly-α-olefins: Synthetic base stocks that offer a good balance of viscosity properties and volatility, as well as greater thermal and oxidative stability over mineral oils.Esters: Used in small amounts to make additives more soluble.Fluidity modifiers (5–20%)Viscosity modifiers: Polymers that stabilize the viscosity of oil as the temperature changes. They coil at low temperatures, increasing flow, and uncoil at higher temperatures, decreasing flow.Pour-point depressants: Molecules that prevent wax formation at low temperatures.Performance additives (8–15%)Antioxidants: Often aminic and phenolic compounds that prevent base-oil oxidation, the primary cause of oil degradation.Anti-wear additives: Compounds, commonly zinc dithiophosphate, that adhere to metal surfaces to create a protective coating. They also help prevent oxidation.Corrosion inhibitors: Often calcium and barium sulfonate. These minimize corrosion on metal surfaces.Detergents: Surfactants that promote overall cleanliness. They also neutralize acids that form as base oils oxidize.Dispersants: Additives that keep the by-products of oil oxidation soluble, preventing sludge, deposits, and viscosity increase.Friction modifiers: Molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails. The heads, typically of organic or molybdenum-based chemistry, adhere to the metal surface; the tails provide a slippery surface for the oil.MANNOL is a German Manufacturer of Euro Spec Synthetic and Synthetic Blend Oils. MANNOL products meet/exceed OEM requirements and is endorsed by the world's largest car makers VW, BMW, MB amongst others.
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Sources: K & E Petroleum Consulting, industry interviews and documents.<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-2583627563363777"crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
The 2024 Nord A3 is a sedan from Nord Motion, a premier Nigerian automobile manufacturer. It is designed to offer a blend of elegance, sporty performance, and safety features, making it a standout in its class. It is positioned in the Nord lineup as a refined and luxurious competitor to vehicles such as the Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Kia Optima, Hyundai Sonata, etc., in the steadily shrinking sedan market. It's quite commendable that Nord is still putting some skin in the sedan game despite everyone's seeming preference for SUVs today. Prices start at ₦ 47,280,000. Origin The 2025 Nord A3 was originally designed and built as the Cowin Xuandu by Kaiyi Auto, under the Cherry Automobile Group, in 2021. It was then offered to the Nigerian market in 2024 by Nord Automobiles as the Nord A3. Specifications Build: Unibody Seating Capacity: 5 Body Style: Compact 4-door sedan Layout: Front engine, front-wheel drive (FWD), no AWD available Suspension:...
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